| The human evolution timeline is found recorded in | | | | beings possessing a deep knowledge of evolution |
| Bible quotes (Book of Genesis). Adam's rib | | | | timeline and humans nature. They knew that it |
| symbolizes the chromosome and is the key to | | | | would not be possible to write what men would |
| the man ape evolution. In discussing evolution vs | | | | not understand at that time (existence of |
| creation, many convergences like this one are | | | | chromosomes, genes, DNA). They further knew |
| found.Someone who holds to the theory of | | | | that, in a patriarchal society such as the one they |
| evolution and denies creationism might ask why | | | | lived in, women should remain in a secondary role, |
| such an important matter as the creation of | | | | in the written version, to make the acceptance of |
| human beings would be in a symbolic message | | | | God's word easier.The faithful cling to the first |
| rather than in explicit language. And, after all, the | | | | answer, the dogma.But those who are not faithful |
| Holy Scriptures don`t talk about chromosomes. | | | | may properly ask how those writers, barely out |
| That is a valid question, which shall be pursued | | | | of a semi-nomadic life, could possess such |
| below. First off, the main interest is to see the | | | | knowledge about the evolution of the |
| points of confluence between evolution and | | | | species.Examined as a book and without any |
| creation regarding the appearance of the human | | | | preconceived position, the Bible is a singular book |
| being.Parallelism Between Adam's Rib and | | | | and its writers differed from common mortals. |
| ScienceThere is an amazing coincidence between | | | | However, as intelligent as they might have been, |
| the numbers in the Book of Genesis involving | | | | there was no way they could have held such |
| creationism and numbers in science regarding | | | | knowledge. Thus the answer is: this is a |
| man's evolution from the ape. The parallelism | | | | mystery.Book of Genesis & Science: More |
| begins on the Bible quotes according to which God | | | | convergenceIn the pleasant study of Biblical |
| took out one of Adam's ribs and made the | | | | numbers involving creation vs. evolution, there are |
| woman, Eve, with it.And the Lord God caused a | | | | other convergent points. Example: part of the |
| deep sleep to fall on Adam, and he slept; and He | | | | sacred text reproduced at the beginning of this |
| took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its | | | | article and science's version of the differences in |
| place. Then the rib which the Lord God had taken | | | | man/ape. The Genesis expression "closed up the |
| from man He made into a woman, and He | | | | flesh in its place" conveys a special meaning and |
| brought her to the man.The number of ribs - Men | | | | suggests more parallelisms between religion and |
| have 24 ribs - 12 on each thoracic side. The same | | | | science. It could be read as "closed up the frontal |
| number is found in women. The text says that | | | | lobe in its place".In the monkeys the frontal lobe is |
| God removed one rib and not one pair of ribs. | | | | 9% of the brain. In the man it is 30%. The frontal |
| Had He indeed removed only one rib, man would | | | | lobe is a tissue ("flesh"), a nervous tissue. The |
| have different numbers of this bone on each side | | | | frontal lobe integrates most of the brain functions. |
| of his chest. Not only that, but there would also | | | | Its prefrontal portion is related to the initiation of |
| remain a doubt about the number of ribs in a | | | | planned actions, i.e., thinking, idealizing, acting in |
| female.These contradictions disappear if the text | | | | orderly fashion, and letting out emotional |
| is examined from the standpoint of information | | | | expressions. In the difference is the "closed up |
| conveyed by Jesus Christ to His disciples: To God | | | | the flesh in its place."Subsequent ProcreationThe |
| nothing is impossible. God may have removed one | | | | appearance of the human being raises the issue |
| of Adam's ribs but He did it in such a way that | | | | of procreation. In the history of creation, this |
| the woman and all her descendants would have | | | | problem does not exist: once created, Adam and |
| the same number of ribs. However, it is assumed | | | | Eve started to reproduce. However, in evolution, |
| that the rib's removal is symbolic language and | | | | ONE individual, from the fusion of the two |
| explained it cannot be regarded as direct | | | | chromosomes, would not give origin to the human |
| language.A look at it now from the standpoint of | | | | species.To illustrate,suppose that the fusion of the |
| science. The chimpanzee, from which science now | | | | two chromosomes took place in a female, |
| admits that man has evolved, has 24 | | | | resulting in 23 chromosomes in the gametes, living |
| chromosomes in its sexual cells, i. e., 24 | | | | with males bearing 24 chromosomes in the |
| chromosomes in each spermatozoon and 24 | | | | gametes. Procreation would be impossible. Even if |
| chromosomes in each ovulum. This is referred to | | | | they copulated, no ovulum would be formed due |
| gametes, those sex cells capable of reproducing | | | | to the lack of symmetry in the DNA. How, then, |
| the species. Therefore, the number of ribs in a | | | | would the human being have procreated in |
| man and of chromosomes in a chimpanzee are | | | | evolution?More likely the phenomenon - physical, |
| identical. The other cells in a chimp, as in a human, | | | | chemical or physical-chemical - had by then |
| are diployd, that is, they have the chromosomes | | | | reached several individual chimps, causing |
| in pairs - therefore, they have 48 | | | | chromosome fusion in many of them, both males |
| chromosomes.Confluence of Book of Genesis and | | | | and females. In the history of evolution, there is |
| Human Evolution TimelineWere we to admit that | | | | still another peculiarity: the bonobos have more |
| the rib symbolizes the chromosome, the implicit | | | | elements than the chimpanzees to be man's |
| and explicit Bible numbers say that God removed | | | | ancestors.Chimpanzees vs BonobosPreference for |
| a chromosome from a chimpanzee and made a | | | | the chimpanzees over the bonobos - In the |
| woman out of it. In other words, the "man", a | | | | evolutionary scale, science shows preference for |
| chimp, lost a sex-cell chromosome and thus a | | | | the chimpanzees over the bonobos, even though |
| woman was formed.Indeed, the woman, just like | | | | the latter are more similar to human beings.See |
| the man, has one chromosome less than a chimp | | | | some ones:the similarity percentage between |
| in the sex cells. The human spermatozoon has 23 | | | | bonobos' DNA and humans' is greater than that of |
| chromosomes and the human ovulum also has 23 | | | | chimpanzees;their genitals are more protuding and |
| chromosomes. It makes sense. The other cells in | | | | face forward, as with humans;except for humans, |
| the human being are diployd, i. e., they have 46 | | | | they are the only primates who copulate from |
| chromosomes. But it is needed to see what | | | | the front;they engage in homosexual and |
| science says regarding the man ape evolution, | | | | heterosexual relations;upon reaching adolescence, |
| that is, man's evolution from the chimpanzee.Man's | | | | the females abandon their group and join another |
| evolution from the ape - It is admitted that, in the | | | | one. In their new group they submit themselves |
| evolution of the species, through some unknown | | | | to the female - including sexually - and then |
| phenomenon, two chimp chromosomes were | | | | copulate with the males;the females keep |
| fused and thus, primitive man, a hominid, came | | | | together in groups and the male respects them |
| about. Some theories claim that the female came | | | | because, together, they will fight him for |
| first, which, if true, would give further consistency | | | | food;they stand on two legs more frequently |
| to the symbolic version of Adam and Eve's | | | | than chimps do and their laughter is more |
| story.In a nutshell, this is what the matter has: | | | | expressive. They are also more cordial in the |
| Number of ribs in the human being: 24. | | | | group.Despite all this, it is believed that man has |
| Number of chromosomes in the chimp's | | | | evolved from chimps, due to the fact that they |
| gametes: 24. | | | | are found in many African regions, in wide-open |
| Creation: removal of one rib. | | | | areas, which would have favored their territorial |
| Evolution: fusion of two chromosomes. | | | | dispersion. Bonobos, on the other hand, live in |
| Rib symbolizes chromosome. | | | | closed-in woods, in some regions in Africa. |
| Removal of one rib = fusion of two | | | | However, from the genetic, anatomic, emotional |
| chromosomes. | | | | and behavioral standpoints, more likely the human |
| Number of chromosomes resulting in the | | | | species has come from the bonobos. Perhaps, |
| gametes: 23 - New species: man, hominid. Without | | | | after their community was hard-hit by a |
| wandering too far from these basic issues, it | | | | cataclysm, they took refuge in closed-in |
| should be asked why there are so many | | | | woods.Man's Ancestor: Neither Chimpanzee nor |
| differences between human and chimp, given the | | | | Bonobos and Adam`s RibAnother theory admits |
| "simple" fusion of two chromosomes. | | | | that chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutangs, |
| Furthermore, those in favor of creationism would | | | | gibbons, all belong to the primate family known as |
| argue that, since the similarity between a chimp's | | | | Pongid, just like the Hominid family, whose sole |
| DNA and that of a human being is above 98%, | | | | representative is man, all belonging to the |
| humans and chimpanzees ought to be more alike. | | | | Hominoids super family, and would have come |
| These are pertinent questions which must be | | | | from individuals known as Old World Monkeys.It is |
| carefully examined.Starting with the numbers: the | | | | possible that some violent environmental change |
| difference between human and chimp DNA is less | | | | hit Africa and Asia, altering the genetic structure |
| than 2%. For three reasons, this percentage can | | | | of many Old World Monkeys (Cercopitecoids) |
| be very meaningful:the science is just barely | | | | sometime between six million and twenty-five |
| beginning to understand the human genome, that | | | | million years ago. Different Pongids came into |
| is, the DNA map, that of genes and each one's | | | | being.Why would not different hominids have |
| role. On the other hand, we know also little about | | | | appeared? Present day human must have |
| the chimp genome. Thus, it is perfectly acceptable | | | | featured differences among individuals from the |
| that this percentage, though small, means much in | | | | very beginning. For instance, there must have |
| terms of anatomical and physiological differences | | | | appeared at the same time individuals with white |
| between the species;the differences may be | | | | skin and with black skin in Africa and in Asia. |
| situated in fundamental parts of the DNA, enough | | | | Weather conditions and the fight for survival |
| to cause the differences between the species;the | | | | would have made easier for white-skinned |
| amount of DNA in the cells is not always | | | | individuals to disappear from Africa and for |
| proportional to their complexity. Therefore, the | | | | black-skinned individuals to disappear from ice-cold |
| arrangement of DNA components in humans may | | | | regions.The theory of a common trunk for all |
| be more important than the quantity.Thus, the | | | | Hominoids does not change the parallel with |
| slightly less than 2% difference between chimps | | | | Adam's rib. The whole Hominoid super family |
| and humans may become more meaningful. The | | | | would have come from individuals with 24 |
| "simple" fusion of one species' two chromosomes | | | | chromosomes in the gametes. One family (Pongid) |
| may cause many differences in the resulting | | | | continued with 24 chromosomes in the gametes |
| species.Why is the Bible not explicit? - In other | | | | while another (Hominid) appeared with 23 |
| words, why, since the issue was raised in the | | | | chromosomes.Ruy Miranda is a Brazilian Physician |
| beginning of this article, does the Biblical message | | | | and a former University |
| not speak directly about chromosomes? At least | | | | Professor. In he offers articles on Bible and |
| two answers are possible.The first has to do with | | | | science; excerpts of his novel Bible Quotes in |
| Christian and Jewish dogma: this is a sacred text, | | | | Crystal Land at He is not a religious person.You |
| dictated or inspired by God, and there is no | | | | may reproduce this article as long as it is in its |
| questioning how God speaks. The second has to | | | | complete |
| do with the Biblical writers: they would be human | | | | form and that the resource box is included. |